The site stands out for its chronological sequence, which begins in the Mastian area, develops as a Punic city, and eventually transforms into a Roman settlement. Discovered during the 1990s, thanks to the construction of the AP-7 motorway and archaeological surveys, Cerro Colorao has provided valuable information through the various excavations and test pits carried out.
Cerro Colorao is distinguished by its defensive nature, as it is walled. This wall, built in the second half of the 3rd century BC, is an example of Punic architecture and the oppidum model, with clear African influences. Excavations have revealed the foundations and part of the elevation of this wall, as well as one of its entrances and the remains of a small tower. The construction of the wall involved the installation of two lines of formwork, which served as a guide, using faced masonry on the outside and irregular fills on the inside.
The site also houses a series of domestic structures that reflect the different stages of occupation. Notable among these is a rectangular building with transformed floors and the presence of a soliferrum on one of the excavated levels. In addition, rooms with rammed earth floors and hearths have been found, as well as retaining walls that supported the structures on the southern slope.
The evolution of Cerro Colorao is intrinsically linked to the political and military changes of the time. The signing of the Roman-Carthaginian Treaty in 348 BC and the conflicts of the First Punic War marked its development. After the Roman conquest in 206 BC, the settlement underwent a new urban redevelopment, with changes to the citys axes and the introduction of ceramic materials, such as amphorae.
Cerro Colorao is not only an important historical testimony but is also a protected site valued for its archaeological significance. In March 2009, it was declared an archaeological site and included in the General Catalogue of Andalusian Historical Heritage, with a protected area of more than 53,000 square meters by the Andalusian Regional Government.
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