Its origins date back to Roman times, where archaeological remains were discovered in the Patio de las Mujeres, including a canvas of the Roman wall from the 1st century, evidence of the refoundation carried out by Emperor Augustus. This space also revealed a mosaic with fish, indicative of its past as a port neighborhood. During the 3rd and 4th centuries, it was transformed into an industrial area, fortified to resist the increase in the flow of the Guadalquivir River. In the 5th century, a late antique castellum was built, integrated into the existing wall, which protected the Roman bridge and the river port.
The time of the Emirate of Córdoba saw the construction of the Andalusian Alcázar, a royal residence under the rule of Abd al-Rahman II (822-852). Under Almohad rule, Umayyad structures were demolished to build a new citadel, the vestiges of which can still be seen in the Women
During the period of the Holy Inquisition (1492-1812), after the Granada campaign and the conclusion of the campaigns against the Muslims in Spain, the Catholic Monarchs gave the Alcázar to the ecclesiastical authorities, who transformed it into the Tribunal del Santo Office, thus losing its palace function. Various works were carried out to adapt the building to its new purpose, including the creation of cells for prisoners, even using the old Mudejar baths, and the construction of the Inquisition chapel in the 18th century. One of the most infamous inquisitors was Diego Rodríguez de Lucero, who ordered the burning at the stake of 107 people in an auto-da-fe in 1504; This event provoked indignation among the population, who invaded the Alcázar and freed more than 400 prisoners. Lucero was forced to flee to Seville to avoid being lynched by the crowd.
After the abolition of the Court of the Inquisition by the Constituent Cortes of Cádiz in 1812, the Alcázar became the municipal prison, previously located in the Sánchez Peña Market in Plaza de la Corredera. This transition involved a remodeling in 1820, carried out by the municipal architect Pedro de Lara, which included the blinding of the arches of the Mudéjar patio to enable new dungeons. In 1931, during the Second Spanish Republic, it was declared a Historical Monument and was used as a military barracks. However, after the Spanish Civil War, it housed numerous prisoners from the Republican side, which led the Franco Regime to build the Fátima prison in 1941 and use the Alcázar for military administrative functions.
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